Bi-directional smart meters track energy import/export, enabling compensation through net metering policies.
How It Works:
- Real-Time Monitoring: Meters record energy flows at 15-minute intervals (e.g., UK Smart Metering Installation Code of Practice).
- Net Metering Credits: Excess solar energy fed to the grid earns credits (e.g., $0.08–$0.15/kWh in California), offsetting nighttime consumption.
- Time-of-Use (TOU) Optimization: Hybrid systems discharge batteries during peak rate periods (e.g., 4–9 PM), maximizing savings.
Example:
A German homeowner exports 500kWh monthly, earning €50 (at €0.10/kWh). Combined with reduced grid purchases, annual savings exceed €1,200.